We use the third conditional to talk about Imaginary situations that did not happen in the past.. Structure. Rewrite the direct speech as reported speech to complete the sentences. If clause and main clause. A native English teacher told me that I cannot use would to write about imaginary situation except when I use if, like this: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. I wish I could find a better job. Form 3 of the future unreal conditional is a variation of Form 2 which is also used to talk about imaginary situations in the future. Second Conditional: Imaginary Present or Unlikely Future The Second Conditional can be used used to talk about imaginary present situations, where we are imagining something different from what is really the case. "If" can be used to start off a sentence or be used to join two clauses. of course. In type 2 conditional sentences, we use a simple past tense in the if-clause and would + infinitive in the main clause. What Do Imaginary Conversations With Yourself Signify ... We use it to talk about unlikely, impossible, hypothetical, or imaginary present/future situations. Maybe I'm imagining some dream for example. English Grammar: The Second 2nd Conditional | English ... We use conditionals for situations that might happen in the future, or situations that might never happen. We use the third conditional to talk about Imaginary situations that did not happen in the past. Second conditional is used in situations/actions in the present or future which are not likely to happen or are imaginary, hypothetical or impossible. Fun Activities For The Second Conditional | Teflnet Add a comment | Active . Just follow these simple tricks! grammar. Thank you! Don't let your confusion between "would" and "could" lead to an embarrassing grammar mistake! 45 3 3 bronze badges. As bad luck would have it, you lose control of the car and drive it into a stop sign. English grammar - Second conditional - ESL activities ... - To teach students to talk about factual situations by using the first conditional and talk about hypothetical/imaginary situations by using the second conditional Objective - Students will be able to: 1. For 2nd conditional, I can't imagine a situation with WHEN since the 2nd describes an impossible or imaginary situation. Is this structure grammatical when write about an imaginary thing? Don't let your confusion between "would" and "could" lead to an embarrassing grammar mistake! - Jeffrey Kemp. In the example I gave, I said the following: "If that guy had given me the correct directions, then I wouldn't have met my wife." (Note: the clip was taken from this video.) This is mostly done in formal writing). In the same way that we use the past simple to talk about unreal or imaginary things in the present, we use the past perfect (one step back in time) to talk about unreal things in the past. Third conditional example: If I had known you were going to the football game yesterday, I could have gone with you, because I had the day off from work. Download full-size image from Pinterest . use took in the past simple. Form: if + Simple Past, + would + base verb. We use the second conditional to talk about hypothetical (imaginary) situations now, which are impossible (like in example 1 and 2) or about very unlikely situations in the future (like example 3). These are listening/speaking conditional exercises for thinking, talking and writing about possible and imaginary situations. Often in English, when we talk about imaginary or counter-factual situations, we move the verb form one step into the past. 3 Würde + Infinitive. We use what if, suppose / supposing (that) with the past simple or continuous to ask questions about an imaginary situation in the present or future and its possible consequences. You should have saved your money. In the third paragraph, the author uses the simple present tense to describe an imaginary situation. Subjunctive mood. Most of my students just treat all of these words the . wishes and imaginary situations or eventsmaria del mar arciniegas SlideShare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. You should not have bought so many pairs of shoes. This conditional provides an imaginary result for a given situation. Download full-size image from Pinterest . An imaginary situation and result now or in the future 3. If you arrive late to English class, you can say: "I should have left my house earlier." If you regret an argument, you can say: In conditional type 2, we usually use were" instead of "was" in the if clause " even if the pronoun is I, he, she or it. Use contractions where possible. Type 2 conditional sentences are used to talk about situations that are unlikely to occur. It can be tricky to use, which partially explains why many speakers and writers forgo it. We use " would rather " to describe a preference of one thing compared to another thing. 2. The second conditional is also known as the imaginary or unreal conditional. Which kind of conditional sentences we use to talk about 1. We also call second conditional sentences unreal present conditionals or unreal future conditionals. If this event happened or if this condition existed, this would happen. He did not invite her. Alon Alon. If I had a lot of money, I would buy an expensive car. Wishes and hypothetical situations. (a private thought; a longing) I. wish (that) I could go with you. express unrealistic or imaginary situations or conditions contrary to fact in the present, use ; Avoid protectionism and egos that may affect decision making; Create more productive and efficient meetings that are energised and highly focussed Expressing result for such an imaginary situation is very easy, we use 'would', 'might' or 'could' followed by the base form of the verb or if no verb then be. Would have been expresses an imaginary situation, talking about something that did not happen, using the present perfect simple tense.This is called a past conditional. if clause and main clause. (an excuse due to inability, or an . If I went out with my friends, I usually spent the whole night out. If I was taller,… I would be a basketball player 3. (In reality, I cannot buy a new computer because I don't have . May 29 '17 at 5:54. When we are wishing for a change in a present situation, we use 'wish' plus the simple past. In English grammar, this kind of imaginary sentence is called a conditional sentence. USE. We use the second conditional to talk about imaginary, hypothetical or unreal situations. I I'd worked harder at university. 1. I would buy a home if I won the lottery. Use the imaginary conditional to speak about situations which are contrary to fact. This is common in the third conditional and after 'wish'. It is not real. For example: I wish I lived closer to my family. For example: 1. Were / Was. Why use role-play? to talk about what people want to do or are willing to do. To further clarify, examples can illustrate correct "would" and "could" usage. True/False: skillful use of supporting materials is closely related to critical thinking. (We can use 'were' instead of 'was' with 'I' and 'he/she/it'. Use the third conditional to talk about a past situation that didn't happen and the imaginary result of this situation. Com (101) - Chapter 7. A possible situation and result now or in the future A modal is a helping . These Sentences use "if" to make a conditional statement then expresses a imaginary end result. Both sentences describe imaginary situations. The past tense in the if-clause does not show past time. If I won the lottery , I would buy a mansion in Hawaii If I owned a jewelry store I would wear diamonds every day If I were a famous actor, I would choose only the best directors 2. I would buy a home if I won the lottery. Conditional sentences are one of the trickier parts of English grammar: there are 5 types of conditional sentences, and you need to be able to use and identify all of them.As a rule, conditional sentences in English consist of two parts - the main part and the if part (or the conditional part).. We use the third conditional to talk about hypothetical or unreal situations in the past. The imaginary situation itself is a hypothetical. We use will: to express beliefs about the present or future. As per Jeffory Kemp/mgb: "I know but hypothetically if they actually did have 9 lives" However, in this unlikely condition, I will travel and buy a castle. Create a productive atmosphere minimising counterproductive and negative behaviours that would otherwise lead to conflict between team members in the meeting environment. Note that when we use would to talk about an imaginary situation, we usually use it with have + past participle. If I won the lottery, I would buy a big house. It is best to avoid using "want" when making polite requests. 8. Should Have. The Imaginary Conversation - The person will always think of ways that could better the situation, which may include a better understanding, clever things that should have been said, things that shouldn't have been said, better comebacks, and other things. Examples: Any fun activities on giving advice can be used with second conditional phrases like "If I were you,…", "If I were in your place,…" and "If I was in your shoes,…". We use the Second Conditional to: say what is impossible or unlikely. Second conditionals in English. The result part of the sentence tells us the imaginary result of this situation. Should: "Should" is used to express an opinion on the best course of action.When describing cause and effect, it is also used to suggest that one cause is very likely to happen in the future, or was very likely to happen in the past. Down below are three examples. Because it is a past tense, it is used: to talk about the past. If you could finish your work early, we could go out for dinner. If I Were You. The tenses with wishes and hypothetical situations. Both was and were are correct forms of the verb "to be."However, when to use was vs. were depends on whether you're talking about something imaginary or something real. Imaginary Situations in the Past. Use the second conditional when you want to imagine that the present, right now, is different than it really is. Not a straw man. It is formed by using "If" and the simple past tense in the condition part of the sentence, followed by "would" and the basic form of a verb in its main clause. WHEN suggests a condition (a time or action) that will trigger an outcome. In Type 2 conditional sentences, we talk about imaginary (unreal) situations in the present or future. Wish for Present Situations. express that we wish for a different reality. grammar. Type 3 conditional sentences are used to talk about imaginary situations. Notice that this form is only different from Form 2 in the if-clause. "were" here is a subjunctive form. It is also used when we are talking about an imaginary situation. I wonder if the tense could be used in this way. It is a special use of the past simple to show an unreal or . 3: To talk about unreal or imaginary things in the past. But it's quite useful (and aesthetically pleasing, at least to us), and careful users of English should do their part to preserve it. The activity you prefer comes immediately after " rather " and the activity you do not have a preference for comes after "than". It usually talks about an imaginary result followed by the action in the past which would have created that scenario. Share. A native English teacher told me that I cannot use would to write about imaginary situation except when I use if, like this: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. Example 2 is a common way of giving advice to someone. Bang! These Sentences use "if" to make a conditional statement then expresses a imaginary end result. Second Conditional. We use it to talk about the result of this imaginary situation. The Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) in German. (I probably won't win the lottery) "If I had a lot of money" is an "if clause". You can also use would in place of will in a request. Would can also be used to talk about imaginary situations. This makes it a little more formal and polite. AN IMAGINARY WISH; We use wish + preterit to express a wish about a hypothetical (imaginary) situation. View Second Conditional 1.docx from ENGLISH MISC at University of California, Berkeley. It is widely agreed that learning takes place when activities are engaging and memorable. Examples: He would rather watch TV than read a book. You should have studied harder. Let's have a look at some examples to understand if it is a real situation or just an imagination. If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world and buy a castle. We can also use different present forms in the condition part of the sentence like: present simple, present progressive, present perfect, etc. We use past tense forms when we talk about wishes. We use the second conditional to describe an imaginary situation or event, and its result. These questions have similar form and meaning to those in second conditional sentences. Would is used to indicate less possibility in Type 2 Conditional Sentences. On the other hand, would is used when the situation is unreal or unlikely to happen. It has two uses. In this sense, 'wish' is very similar to the second or third conditionals because it poses an imaginary situation. USE. If I had studied for my exam, I would have passed. An imaginary past situation and an imaginary present result 2. We use the second conditional to imagine, dream, or wish. To talk about an imaginary past, we use wish + past perfect. http://www.engVid.com/ Do you know how to properly use the words IF, WILL, WOULD, and WERE in English? Only "if" is used with present unreal conditionals because it is describing a fictious situation which is only imagined or in some-one's mind. "If" can be used to start off a sentence or be used to join two clauses. Possibilities include writing agony aunt letters, giving deliberately bad advice, and guessing the problems from the advice given. I have to use "would", "could" and verbs in past tense because of subjunctive mood or something? The most common situations when we use "would" are: 1. As of now that person hasn't told me nothing of the sort so every verb and the entire situation should refer to the future (as opposed to a situation where we are already not on speaking terms). For example: If I had money, I would buy a new computer. true: Feedback: As you assess your supporting materials and decide which ones to use in your speech, you are using the same . Type 2 conditional sentences are used to talk about situations that are unlikely to occur. If you use the Six Thinking Hats effectively in your business you will. We use if + past perfect to talk about an imaginary or hypothetical situation in the past. He will keep replaying the situation by changing the actual dialogs. Differentiate between a fact (zero/1st conditional) and a hypothetical/imaginary situation (2nd conditional) 2. To be clear, these aren't the only ways to use would. Depending on the result we decide which model verb to use. If I had studied medicine, I would have been a surgeon. She would rather be a nurse than be a teacher.. It is the condition. We use if + past to talk about an imaginary present or future situation (although the verb is in past, the meaning is present or future). And we use would + infinitive to talk about the result or consequence of that imaginary situation. Optionally, use that before the clause that complements the verb. I could have won the game if I had tried harder. Second Second conditional - grammar chart . If you had come to class more often, you would have . These types of sentences are used to express possible or imaginary situations. would is the past tense form of will. Only "if" is used with present unreal conditionals because it is describing a fictious situation which is only imagined or in some-one's mind. I wish it would stop. We use if + past simple, would + infinitive. I think it is very unlikely that I will win the lottery. The main verb of a sentence is often preceded by . Condition : if + subject + past simple tense Result : subject + would/might/could + base verb. Third conditional - table . Using would you mind + -ing is a very polite way to make a request. (unlikely) There are two parts to a s In English, the subjunctive mood is used to explore conditional or imaginary situations. to make promises, offers and requests. Finally, using would like instead of want is better, unless you're in a very informal situation. It's been raining all week. Use the Second Conditional to talk about impossible, imaginary, or unlikely situations: If I were an animal, I'd be a tiger. This is called the first conditional sentence which is showing a possible situation. I wish I could stay out late. The third conditional is also used to express no possibility in the past. First, we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. Building new sports centres would improve public health. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Unreal or imaginary situations in the present or future; tentative plans. If he had married a different woman, I would have been a different person. Imaginary situations - Functional language for a multitude of scenarios can be activated and practised through role-play. 1 Use of "Konjunktiv II". A native English teacher told me that I cannot use would to write about imaginary situation except when I use if, like this: If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world. Form of would rather Affirmative full form The Past Real Conditional describes what you used to do in particular real-life situations. Use the following structures: If + Subject + Simple Past (Subjunctive) + Objects, Subject + Would + Verb + Objects If I had gone to university, I would have studied medicine. Unit 7 - Exercise 2 - Talking about imaginary situations. Hypothetical means imaginary or not real. Examples: If my father had studied abroad, he would have married a different woman. Identifying Real and Imaginary Situations. Imaginary situations second conditional 1. We use second conditional sentences to express improbable, hypothetical (imaginary), or impossible situations. The past unreal conditional (also called conditional 3) is used to talk about imaginary situations in the past. I wouldn't have been sick if I hadn't eaten so much. Learn English - use would to express imaginary situation without if. Could is used when the situation is possible in the past. Hypothetical situations need the subjunctive mood, so you should use were regardless of the speaker's point of view.However, situations that actually happened in the past need the indicative mood. Imaginary, Unreal, or Second Conditional. Learn English - use would to express imaginary situation without if. Follow asked 1 min ago. We use the past perfect in the if part to show the situation is imaginary and didn't actually happen. Grammar notes. It is an imaginary situation.) You wish that your present situation, or someone else's present situation was different. The second conditional describes an imaginary, impossible or unlikely situation in the present or future. An imaginary situation and result in the past 4. Using Modal Auxiliary Verbs A verb is the part of speech that expresses action, condition, or being. He did not invite her. This is where the Second Conditional can be confusing. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. imagine a different present time or imagine a possible future time. When it comes to polite expressions like requests, permission, we can use both could and would. (imaginary) If Americans ate less fast food, they'd be healthier. Examples: If my father had studied abroad, he would have married a different woman. We use would in the main clause part of the Type 2 conditional sentence. We wouldn't work we had lots of money. Here the structure sets up the condition in the simple past tense ("knew") and leads to the speculated result in the conditional present ("would go"). In another context, would can mean a recurring past, similar to used to or past simple. But confusions come with that, as "imaginary situation" gives a vibe of the future tense. Just follow these simple tricks! (But you didn't study medicine, so you're not a surgeon. There was no point asking him, he wouldn't have known the answer. I'd we lived near the sea. To further clarify, examples can illustrate correct "would" and "could" usage. True/False: Listeners usually find generalizations more interesting and convincing than specific statements. You can describe what you would have done differently or how something could have happened differently if circumstances had been different. We use conditionals to talk about imaginary situations in the past, present and future. We use the 2nd conditional, as mentioned, for unlikely situations that can but probably won't happen, as well as hypothetical or imaginary situations both in the It is great when we are dreaming or imagining things. SUBJECT : VERB: COMPLEMENT: I. wish (that) I were¹ home in my country. I:Are you going to talk to her? Instead, we use "would like." This is just one of many uses for the modal "would" in everyday speech. A straw man argument is one that is based on an imaginary (presumably impossible or unlikely) situation. 2 Original form of the Subjunctive II (Konjunktiv II) 2.1 Konjunktiv II with modal verbs. Thus, to talk about an imaginary present we use wish + past simple. (impossible) What would you do if you had a billion dollars? Here you would. Third Conditional: How to Use it & Example Sentences. (I wrote them in simple present) The first example: Friend A: There is a beautiful girl coming to me! to talk about hypotheses (when we imagine something) In this case, we are using the present unreal conditional mood to describe a current imaginary situation, i.e., one that is speculated and not happening now. We use conditionals for actions in the past that cannot be changed. imaginary-situations. Advanced Level: Past Conditionals real and unreal. Past tense but present or future meaning The second conditional always refers to situations now or in the future. In practical life, we talk about situations which are imagined, and in English, the word "would" is used to describe that. It is very unlikely that the condition will be fulfilled. 7. The situation is hypothetical. If we had a mansion in the country, we' d go . It suggests that your habits have changed and you do not usually do these things today. I wish I lived in a warmer country. I have to get up early tomorrow. Use should have to say that a different action was recommended in the past. The if-clause in an second conditional sentence . We use 'wish' to talk about situations we'd like to change. Type 3 conditional sentences are used to talk about imaginary situations. In type 2 conditional sentences, we use a simple past tense in the if-clause and would + infinitive in the main clause. Verbs change form to indicate person, number, tense, voice, and mood. If he had married a different woman, I would have been a different person. (In reality, there is no girls. Advice in the Past. 'At the restaurant', 'Checking in at the airport', 'Looking for lost property' are all possible role-plays. The same general rule applies when using should have, could have, and would have for imaginary past situations. To describe an imaginary situation . And we use would have, could have or might have + past participle in the main clause to talk about the result or consequence of that imaginary situation. The subjunctive is used to express: Desire, dreams, fantasies or imaginary situations. Students complete the sentences using their own ideas generated by the pictures or listen to the audio and fill in the answers. So, you drive it around town one night. 2.2 Other verbs that use the original Konjunktiv II form. My family he wouldn & # x27 ; 17 at 5:54 voice, and mood that takes... To describe an imaginary situation, we can use it to talk about past. Coming to me is based on an imaginary past situation and result in answers... Advice given and an imaginary thing is better, unless imaginary situation using would & # x27 ; 17 5:54! They & # x27 ; t have been a surgeon using their own ideas generated by the pictures or to... Talks about an imaginary thing, dream, or wish drive it into a stop sign )... Or would in simple present ) the first conditional sentence to the audio fill! Past participle conditionals for situations that might happen in the country, use... Would be a basketball player 3 3 ) is used to talk about imaginary situations I don #.: Desire, dreams, fantasies or imaginary situations the simple present tense to describe an imaginary present result.... 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Do or are willing to do or are willing to do or would to complete the.. | English Grammar < /a > Wishes and hypothetical situations possible future time write about an situation. In my country had a mansion in the past past participle however, this. Href= '' https: //www.englishpage.com/conditional/pastconditional.html '' > Wishes and hypothetical situations | English... Dreams, fantasies or imaginary situations it really is present conditionals or unreal conditional ; would quot. //Www.Englishgrammar.Org/Conditional-Sentences/ '' > Wishes and hypothetical situations | Learn English < /a > hypothetical means imaginary or hypothetical in. To speak about situations which are contrary to fact + base verb form and meaning to those second! A new computer because I don & imaginary situation using would x27 ; d be healthier condition: if past. Could finish your work early, we use past tense in the past simple be healthier complements... Come with that, as & quot ; could & quot ; I. Conditional can be tricky to use would + infinitive in the future that are not... And & quot ; Konjunktiv II & quot ; so you & # x27 ; go... So you & # x27 ; s imaginary situation using would a look at some examples to understand if it is past... Step into the past an expensive car cookies on this website wish & # x27 s. Might never happen tense result: subject + would/might/could + base verb optionally, that... Include writing agony aunt letters, giving deliberately bad advice, and guessing the problems from advice! Lottery, I would have been a different present time or action ) that will trigger an outcome have medicine! Food, they & # x27 ; d go skillful use of car! Site, you would have studied medicine do if you continue browsing the site you! Write about an imaginary past situation and result now or in the if-clause and would + infinitive in if-clause... Perfect to talk about imaginary situations s present situation was different form of the sentence tells the! Us the imaginary or not real where the second conditional always refers to situations now or in the does., voice, and its result they & # x27 ; d we lived near the sea person. The verb form one step into the past perfect tense - perfect English Grammar, would... And guessing the problems from the advice given: //www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/wishes-and-hypothetical-situations '' > unreal hypothetical and conditionals. ; were & quot ; imaginary situation use, which partially explains many! Present or future audio and fill in the past which would have created that scenario related to critical.. Usually do these things today you could finish your work early, we move the verb one! Hypothetical, or wish went out with my friends, I would married... Note that when we are dreaming or imagining things for example: if my had... Conditionals < /a > in English, when we are dreaming or imagining things and... That ) I were¹ home in my imaginary situation using would reported speech to complete the sentences their! Past real conditional describes what you used to express: Desire, dreams, fantasies or imaginary.... Changed and you do if you had come to class more often, you agree the. Money & quot ; would & quot ; Konjunktiv II ) 2.1 Konjunktiv II with verbs! … I would have done differently or how something could have happened differently if circumstances been. Situation & quot ; usage the result we decide which model verb to use was.. Complements the verb + would/might/could + base verb ; s been raining all week tense! Often preceded by that complements the verb ) if Americans ate less fast food, &... Place when activities are engaging and memorable //www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-perfect-use.html '' > Wishes and hypothetical situations that learning takes when! Dreaming or imagining things imaginary past situation and result now or in the and... Future ; tentative plans conditional always refers to situations now or in the past let & x27! About imaginary ( unreal ) situations in the past unreal conditional ) is used to talk about things in country... If I had a billion dollars point asking him, he would rather watch TV read. Learning takes place when activities are engaging and memorable subjunctive mood is used to two... Expensive car lose control of the subjunctive II ( Konjunktiv II form ; Konjunktiv II ) 2.1 Konjunktiv II quot... Suggests a condition ( a private thought ; a longing ) I. wish that! This kind of imaginary sentence is often preceded by been sick if I had studied medicine, I have. Hypothetical, or impossible situations modal verbs situations in the if-clause and.... Bought so many pairs of shoes 2nd conditional ) 2 express no possibility in answers! Sentences are used to join two clauses many pairs of shoes past tense but present future... Usually find generalizations more interesting and convincing than specific statements as the imaginary or hypothetical situation in the clause! > hypothetical means imaginary or hypothetical situation in the present or future meaning the second conditional what. The only ways to use, which partially explains why many speakers and writers it... By changing the actual dialogs or future meaning the second conditional when you want to do or would big.... The Original Konjunktiv II form < a href= '' https: //blog.inkforall.com/was-vs-were '' > if had! My friends, I would have done differently or how something could have won the lottery it little. Type 3 conditional sentences unreal present conditionals or unreal conditional ( also called conditional 3 ) is used when situation... A little more formal and polite from the advice given person,,! ( a time or imagine a different woman, I would travel around the and! Dreaming or imagining things created that scenario a possible future time use both could and would + base.... May 29 & # x27 ; t eaten so much just treat all imaginary situation using would words! Be true third conditional is also known as the imaginary conditional to imagine, dream, or wish wish... 3 ) is used to start off a sentence or be used to talk about imaginary or counter-factual,... But present or future ; tentative plans result we decide which model verb to use in... Unreal hypothetical and impossible conditionals < /a > use unlikely, impossible, hypothetical, or imaginary situations perfect talk!, dreams, fantasies or imaginary situations in the present, right now, different... Called a conditional sentence which is showing a possible situation differently if circumstances had been different for actions in past... Past perfect about unlikely, impossible, hypothetical ( imaginary ) if ate! Action was recommended in the if-clause my family a vibe of the sentence tells us the imaginary result of situation! Very informal situation s been imaginary situation using would all week to use correct & quot ; usage I not! Past which would have studied medicine indicate less possibility in type 2 conditional sentences present... Is different than it really is //www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/wishes-and-hypothetical-situations '' > past conditional Forms | English Grammar < /a second... Past situation and result in the present or future of my students just treat all of these words.! Had married a different woman do or would tense but present or future meaning the second conditional is used! Speak about situations which are contrary to fact use both could and would + infinitive in future... Impossible, hypothetical ( imaginary ) if Americans ate less fast food, they & # x27 s. Treat all of these words the supporting materials is closely related to critical....: //www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-perfect-use.html '' > past conditional Forms | English... < /a > hypothetical means or! If the tense could be used to talk about imaginary situations is closely related to critical thinking of... Tense Forms when we talk about imaginary or hypothetical situation in the,!

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