��F��d�no������o�|���÷���{���;}�^|r�����/���^�����7|�~��_���'������'��m����~��͗����Km�3?C��Y����W�O_�����7ܿ]����w�o�|���W�޾{���������Xq�^|��O���w��/^�+VE�2b�.v~I���-�����K��.=g�|XRA1U�����&-��K Allow it to stand for about 24 hours and separate out clear liquid by decantation. Mohanta GP. If stearic acid does not dissolve in the solvent mixture, warm it on water bath until it dissolves. Weigh accurately 0.5g of stearic acid; add it to a mixture of 10ml of alcohol and 10ml of ether. Other methods have been suggested, notably in 1957 by Davies. For the esters, the alkyl portion of the ester was counted in the hydrophobic portion of the molecule. �u��d�K�n�7y+ol�� ҷ��A�M��I��F�RQi��’��i}2w�6�YJ�փJx�W�5��� Glyceryl monostearate (gms). CBS Publisher and Distributors. THE HLB SYSTEM Calculating HLB Value: Example Blend 50 / 50 blend of steareth-2 and steareth-21a 50% times the HLB value of the steareth-2 • 0.5 X 4.9 = 2.45 50% times the HLB value of the steareth-21 • 0.5 X 15.5 = 7.75 2.45 + 7.75 = 10.2 0.2 is the HLB Value of a 50/50 blend of 1 steareth-2 and steareth-21 ����k�U�K�?���E!f_� 6��z7H�NPB2RD��N�f��nU��܊�#Qa���t��R�^qXUY���*�}�,ظ���6��ǔ��7)*!�I3_.͇�V6u�*]��i+�� The stalagmometer is consist of a capillary bore with a bulb at the middle. The surface tension of the given... BACKGROUND When a solute is shaken with two immiscible solvents it gets distributed between the solvents. It involves a simple and rapid procedure which can be carried out in about one hour. 0.5n alcoholic potassium hydroxide (koh), Dissolve around 4 g of KOH in 3 to 5 ml distilled water in a vlumetric flask and make uo total volume to 100 ml with alcohol. 2006: 36-38. Recently, modified coconut oil (MCO) was successfully developed as antimicrobial oil and was attempted to use as active ingredient in emulsions. %���� The results are in good agreement with given HLB values. For example, suppose you want to determine the HLB value of a blend comprising 70% of TWEEN 80 (HLB = 15) and 30% Of SPAN 80 (HLB = 4-3). This was done in a similar way for all of the resins. Substitute value of V3 and calculate acid number, The HLB value of given surfactant was found to be ___. �X¤43!���!1 x`i/��dū��bsB��CQ[e*�`A�A"� Ƭ���*�i��g�A@��3f�Jچ,�`s��������)P�b�. Farmacogn. In flocculated suspension, the practical settle more quickely than practical of deflocculated one. So, they are more hydrophilic having V higher HLB values ranging from 9.6 to 16.7. SURFACTAN PROPERTIES BASED ON HLB VALUE The HLB value can be used to predict the surfactant properties of a molecule : A value from 4 - 8 indicates an anti-foaming agent A value from 7 - 11 indicates a W/O (water in oil) emulsifier A value from 12 - 16 indicates O/W (oil in water) emulsifier A value from 11 - 14 indicates a wetting agent A value from 12 - 15 indicates a detergent A value of 16 - … Determination of hydrophile-lipophile balance of bovine mucin 842 almost every case, the best emulsion of a given series showed a lesser degree of creaming than a poorer one in the series (Table 3) (Udeala and Uwaga, 1981). Calculations for Saponification number: (V2-V1) ml of 0.5N KOH mg of KOH/0.5g GMS, Substitute values of V1 and V2 to determine saponification number, ( 1000 ml of NaOH = 1000 ml of 1N KOH 56000 mg of KOH). (90%/100) X 7 = 0.9 X 7 = 6.3 (10%/100) X 15.5 = 0.1 X 15.5 = 1.55 The required HLB … The HLB value of the surfactant is in the choice of emulsifier and the determination of composite emulsification The dosage ratio has a lot of use value. The HLB of an emulsifier is a number which expresses the ratio of water-soluble and oilsoluble - groups in the molecule. 23(1): Jan./Feb. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. The HLB value of the emulsion with the least dispersion ratio or the least percentage increase in mean droplet diameter was taken as the required HLB of the respective essential oil. Yu-Yeon Lee Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju-do 63243, Korea (Y.-Y.L., K.-S.Y. Use this clear solution for experiment. Let the titre reading for sample (GMS) be V. Weigh accurately 0.5g of stearic acid; add it to a mixture of 10ml of alcohol and 10ml of ether. �V����b�"Q�E#LS^db�䁶���� V{�c�tİבre̴�V�B�,`LΔ��ƚ� -��/W�Rr2�s}� 4 0 obj HLB values can be calculated theoretically or may be determined by experimentally. Rev. The calculation would be: TWEEN 80 70% X 15.0 = 10.5 SPAN 80 30% X 4.3 = 1.3 HLB of blend = 11.8 As you will discover in applying the HLB The solubility improved by alcohol hydrolysis is effective one.3, 2. A and B may be considered constant for all nonionic surfactants examined. take care while warming, since both ether and alcohol are highly inflammable liquids). Determination of HLB by Calculation field of surfactants. An HLB value of 0 corresponds to a completely lipophilic/hydrophobic molecule, and a value of 20 corresponds to a completely hydrophilic/lipophobic molecule.1,2. is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the whole molecule, giving a result on a scale of 0 to 20. ��ܩ���1RI�� Braz. The method of Greenwald et al. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. <>>> 3 0 obj The experimental method is very long and laborious and was described long back ago by William Griffin in 1949. Let the titre reading for sample (GMS) be V1 and blank be as V2. ��s�_J��y�u� ��\KIC揕A��3*���Y� � 6LX�������/-V3����/��8.j���mi�4 Cool both the solutions to rioom temperature and titrate separately against 0.5N hydrochloric acid using phenolphthalein as the indicator. 2 1 Emulsion Formation, Stability, and Rheology Table 1.1 Classification of emulsion types. 2010: 194-195. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the required HLB of MCO. Practical Physical Pharmacy. the required HLB of Cetyl Alcohol is 15.5 To calculate the required HLB of the Oil Phase, we multiply the percentage of each oil in the Oil Phase by its respective required HLB and sum the results. The term surfactants include emulsifiers, wetting agents, suspending agents, detergents, anti-foam Calculation of HLB value of surfactant is very important in compounds and many others [1-5]. Table 4: Determination of HLB value of bovine mucin S/N Mucin: Tween 60 Level of Creaming (cm) % Creaming 1 1:9 28.00 23.32 A = Acid number H L B = 20 ∗ M h / M {\displaystyle HLB=20*M_{h}/M} where M h {\displaystyle M_{h}} is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the … Subscribe our Telegram channel for regular updates. An experimentally determined HLB value for such an emulsifier will not necessarily indicate the percentage weight of its hydrophilic portion; for example, you will find experimentally that the HLB of pure sodium lauryl sulfate is about 40, which surely does not mean that it is 200% hydrophilic (! endobj HLB is the ratio of oil soluble and water- soluble portions of a molecule. Determination of saponification number. HLB = 20. The HLB value of sacha inchi oil was determined according to the reported method with modifications. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Determination of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic <>stream Physical Pharmacy Practical Text, Pharma Book Syndicate. The HLB hydrophilic(-lipophilic balance) concept was intro- duced by Griffin. Reflux separately 15 ml of alcoholic potassium hydroxide (without GMS) on boiling water bath for about an hour blank reading. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI/Text]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540]/Contents 4 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Abstract A method is presented for the determination of HLB values and required‐HLB values. When these are properly matched, stable formulations can easily be obtained. Bacterial growth curve cultivation of anaerobs. Bras. The emulsions was produced with different ratios of emulsifier mixtures of Tween® 80 … Click here to subscribe: Get great contents delivered straight to your inbox, just a click away, Subscribe Now, Determination of freundlich adsorption isotherm constant, Determination of particle size and size distribution by Andreasen appartus, Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization/ Henderson Hasselbalch equation, Determination of surface tension by drop weight method, Partition co-efficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water, Preparation of various types suspensions and determination of their sedimentation parameters, Determination of surface tension by drop count method. The turbidimetric method was validated by the existence of correlation (r=-0.958) between the mean droplet diameter and the turbidity of the emulsions. HLB Value and Calculation. Rk>Ȯ:�KU�q��so���z���ճ������ٺ�^�{��$?TZv���Y=U�HN �U7t�SZ�m�XQ59�Q�� The solubility improved by alcohol hydrolysis is effective one. The method is rapid, nondestructive and requires only small samples. It is hoped that this short discussion will prove helpful in com-prehending these complex physico-chemical phe-nomena and in applying them in a practical way. Practical Physical Pharmacy. 2013 109 development of emulsions with blends of surfactants on a wide range of HLB values can provide a satisfactory determination of the required HLB of lipophilic phase, Hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) values for various commercial nonionic surfactants have been determined by means of high resolution NMR. =HZ�kt��Q�c��������C���j�/�n� �%��DFɫ�{Y(ZMS�;a�q��ɏ�X(/)eGd ,�S=�����C��@w���EP�O]���a�rI���$ؽ�0*�s@2��! There is a balance between hydrophilic and lipophilic parts of amphiphilic molecules. ; *���N�\H�c!��3�jy܁%�}�g�2����-Y��(A�!��r\s �2�pڔ�e�z�G���#O�\�%��D��KD\�3��{�!v�p��#�۶DP���c� ;Pd3��GS@��}+A��lX��1�'�E��6$΂Ze� ��`4�R��F�I Alcoholic KOH is used, because surfactantsare freely soluble in alcohol than in water. Methods used in determination of the required HLB values of the oils in this study were based on the assumption that the droplet size of the emulsions would be smallest at the optimum HLB of the emulsifier blend (Gullapalli and Sheth, 1999), and would give the highest turbidity over a period of storage due to low creaming rate. Law Tactical Folder, Goblin Player Race 5e, Family Medicine In-training Exam 2018 Pdf, Lg Tv Blue Tint In Corner, Celebrities With Missing Teeth, Ibanez S621qm Blue, Legendary Panther Location Rdr2 Online, …" /> ��F��d�no������o�|���÷���{���;}�^|r�����/���^�����7|�~��_���'������'��m����~��͗����Km�3?C��Y����W�O_�����7ܿ]����w�o�|���W�޾{���������Xq�^|��O���w��/^�+VE�2b�.v~I���-�����K��.=g�|XRA1U�����&-��K Allow it to stand for about 24 hours and separate out clear liquid by decantation. Mohanta GP. If stearic acid does not dissolve in the solvent mixture, warm it on water bath until it dissolves. Weigh accurately 0.5g of stearic acid; add it to a mixture of 10ml of alcohol and 10ml of ether. Other methods have been suggested, notably in 1957 by Davies. For the esters, the alkyl portion of the ester was counted in the hydrophobic portion of the molecule. �u��d�K�n�7y+ol�� ҷ��A�M��I��F�RQi��’��i}2w�6�YJ�փJx�W�5��� Glyceryl monostearate (gms). CBS Publisher and Distributors. THE HLB SYSTEM Calculating HLB Value: Example Blend 50 / 50 blend of steareth-2 and steareth-21a 50% times the HLB value of the steareth-2 • 0.5 X 4.9 = 2.45 50% times the HLB value of the steareth-21 • 0.5 X 15.5 = 7.75 2.45 + 7.75 = 10.2 0.2 is the HLB Value of a 50/50 blend of 1 steareth-2 and steareth-21 ����k�U�K�?���E!f_� 6��z7H�NPB2RD��N�f��nU��܊�#Qa���t��R�^qXUY���*�}�,ظ���6��ǔ��7)*!�I3_.͇�V6u�*]��i+�� The stalagmometer is consist of a capillary bore with a bulb at the middle. The surface tension of the given... BACKGROUND When a solute is shaken with two immiscible solvents it gets distributed between the solvents. It involves a simple and rapid procedure which can be carried out in about one hour. 0.5n alcoholic potassium hydroxide (koh), Dissolve around 4 g of KOH in 3 to 5 ml distilled water in a vlumetric flask and make uo total volume to 100 ml with alcohol. 2006: 36-38. Recently, modified coconut oil (MCO) was successfully developed as antimicrobial oil and was attempted to use as active ingredient in emulsions. %���� The results are in good agreement with given HLB values. For example, suppose you want to determine the HLB value of a blend comprising 70% of TWEEN 80 (HLB = 15) and 30% Of SPAN 80 (HLB = 4-3). This was done in a similar way for all of the resins. Substitute value of V3 and calculate acid number, The HLB value of given surfactant was found to be ___. �X¤43!���!1 x`i/��dū��bsB��CQ[e*�`A�A"� Ƭ���*�i��g�A@��3f�Jچ,�`s��������)P�b�. Farmacogn. In flocculated suspension, the practical settle more quickely than practical of deflocculated one. So, they are more hydrophilic having V higher HLB values ranging from 9.6 to 16.7. SURFACTAN PROPERTIES BASED ON HLB VALUE The HLB value can be used to predict the surfactant properties of a molecule : A value from 4 - 8 indicates an anti-foaming agent A value from 7 - 11 indicates a W/O (water in oil) emulsifier A value from 12 - 16 indicates O/W (oil in water) emulsifier A value from 11 - 14 indicates a wetting agent A value from 12 - 15 indicates a detergent A value of 16 - … Determination of hydrophile-lipophile balance of bovine mucin 842 almost every case, the best emulsion of a given series showed a lesser degree of creaming than a poorer one in the series (Table 3) (Udeala and Uwaga, 1981). Calculations for Saponification number: (V2-V1) ml of 0.5N KOH mg of KOH/0.5g GMS, Substitute values of V1 and V2 to determine saponification number, ( 1000 ml of NaOH = 1000 ml of 1N KOH 56000 mg of KOH). (90%/100) X 7 = 0.9 X 7 = 6.3 (10%/100) X 15.5 = 0.1 X 15.5 = 1.55 The required HLB … The HLB value of the surfactant is in the choice of emulsifier and the determination of composite emulsification The dosage ratio has a lot of use value. The HLB of an emulsifier is a number which expresses the ratio of water-soluble and oilsoluble - groups in the molecule. 23(1): Jan./Feb. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. The HLB value of the emulsion with the least dispersion ratio or the least percentage increase in mean droplet diameter was taken as the required HLB of the respective essential oil. Yu-Yeon Lee Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju-do 63243, Korea (Y.-Y.L., K.-S.Y. Use this clear solution for experiment. Let the titre reading for sample (GMS) be V. Weigh accurately 0.5g of stearic acid; add it to a mixture of 10ml of alcohol and 10ml of ether. �V����b�"Q�E#LS^db�䁶���� V{�c�tİבre̴�V�B�,`LΔ��ƚ� -��/W�Rr2�s}� 4 0 obj HLB values can be calculated theoretically or may be determined by experimentally. Rev. The calculation would be: TWEEN 80 70% X 15.0 = 10.5 SPAN 80 30% X 4.3 = 1.3 HLB of blend = 11.8 As you will discover in applying the HLB The solubility improved by alcohol hydrolysis is effective one.3, 2. A and B may be considered constant for all nonionic surfactants examined. take care while warming, since both ether and alcohol are highly inflammable liquids). Determination of HLB by Calculation field of surfactants. An HLB value of 0 corresponds to a completely lipophilic/hydrophobic molecule, and a value of 20 corresponds to a completely hydrophilic/lipophobic molecule.1,2. is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the whole molecule, giving a result on a scale of 0 to 20. ��ܩ���1RI�� Braz. The method of Greenwald et al. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. <>>> 3 0 obj The experimental method is very long and laborious and was described long back ago by William Griffin in 1949. Let the titre reading for sample (GMS) be V1 and blank be as V2. ��s�_J��y�u� ��\KIC揕A��3*���Y� � 6LX�������/-V3����/��8.j���mi�4 Cool both the solutions to rioom temperature and titrate separately against 0.5N hydrochloric acid using phenolphthalein as the indicator. 2 1 Emulsion Formation, Stability, and Rheology Table 1.1 Classification of emulsion types. 2010: 194-195. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the required HLB of MCO. Practical Physical Pharmacy. the required HLB of Cetyl Alcohol is 15.5 To calculate the required HLB of the Oil Phase, we multiply the percentage of each oil in the Oil Phase by its respective required HLB and sum the results. The term surfactants include emulsifiers, wetting agents, suspending agents, detergents, anti-foam Calculation of HLB value of surfactant is very important in compounds and many others [1-5]. Table 4: Determination of HLB value of bovine mucin S/N Mucin: Tween 60 Level of Creaming (cm) % Creaming 1 1:9 28.00 23.32 A = Acid number H L B = 20 ∗ M h / M {\displaystyle HLB=20*M_{h}/M} where M h {\displaystyle M_{h}} is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the … Subscribe our Telegram channel for regular updates. An experimentally determined HLB value for such an emulsifier will not necessarily indicate the percentage weight of its hydrophilic portion; for example, you will find experimentally that the HLB of pure sodium lauryl sulfate is about 40, which surely does not mean that it is 200% hydrophilic (! endobj HLB is the ratio of oil soluble and water- soluble portions of a molecule. Determination of saponification number. HLB = 20. The HLB value of sacha inchi oil was determined according to the reported method with modifications. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Determination of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic <>stream Physical Pharmacy Practical Text, Pharma Book Syndicate. The HLB hydrophilic(-lipophilic balance) concept was intro- duced by Griffin. Reflux separately 15 ml of alcoholic potassium hydroxide (without GMS) on boiling water bath for about an hour blank reading. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI/Text]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540]/Contents 4 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Abstract A method is presented for the determination of HLB values and required‐HLB values. When these are properly matched, stable formulations can easily be obtained. Bacterial growth curve cultivation of anaerobs. Bras. The emulsions was produced with different ratios of emulsifier mixtures of Tween® 80 … Click here to subscribe: Get great contents delivered straight to your inbox, just a click away, Subscribe Now, Determination of freundlich adsorption isotherm constant, Determination of particle size and size distribution by Andreasen appartus, Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization/ Henderson Hasselbalch equation, Determination of surface tension by drop weight method, Partition co-efficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water, Preparation of various types suspensions and determination of their sedimentation parameters, Determination of surface tension by drop count method. The turbidimetric method was validated by the existence of correlation (r=-0.958) between the mean droplet diameter and the turbidity of the emulsions. HLB Value and Calculation. Rk>Ȯ:�KU�q��so���z���ճ������ٺ�^�{��$?TZv���Y=U�HN �U7t�SZ�m�XQ59�Q�� The solubility improved by alcohol hydrolysis is effective one. The method is rapid, nondestructive and requires only small samples. It is hoped that this short discussion will prove helpful in com-prehending these complex physico-chemical phe-nomena and in applying them in a practical way. Practical Physical Pharmacy. 2013 109 development of emulsions with blends of surfactants on a wide range of HLB values can provide a satisfactory determination of the required HLB of lipophilic phase, Hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) values for various commercial nonionic surfactants have been determined by means of high resolution NMR. =HZ�kt��Q�c��������C���j�/�n� �%��DFɫ�{Y(ZMS�;a�q��ɏ�X(/)eGd ,�S=�����C��@w���EP�O]���a�rI���$ؽ�0*�s@2��! There is a balance between hydrophilic and lipophilic parts of amphiphilic molecules. ; *���N�\H�c!��3�jy܁%�}�g�2����-Y��(A�!��r\s �2�pڔ�e�z�G���#O�\�%��D��KD\�3��{�!v�p��#�۶DP���c� ;Pd3��GS@��}+A��lX��1�'�E��6$΂Ze� ��`4�R��F�I Alcoholic KOH is used, because surfactantsare freely soluble in alcohol than in water. Methods used in determination of the required HLB values of the oils in this study were based on the assumption that the droplet size of the emulsions would be smallest at the optimum HLB of the emulsifier blend (Gullapalli and Sheth, 1999), and would give the highest turbidity over a period of storage due to low creaming rate. Law Tactical Folder, Goblin Player Race 5e, Family Medicine In-training Exam 2018 Pdf, Lg Tv Blue Tint In Corner, Celebrities With Missing Teeth, Ibanez S621qm Blue, Legendary Panther Location Rdr2 Online, …" /> ��F��d�no������o�|���÷���{���;}�^|r�����/���^�����7|�~��_���'������'��m����~��͗����Km�3?C��Y����W�O_�����7ܿ]����w�o�|���W�޾{���������Xq�^|��O���w��/^�+VE�2b�.v~I���-�����K��.=g�|XRA1U�����&-��K Allow it to stand for about 24 hours and separate out clear liquid by decantation. Mohanta GP. If stearic acid does not dissolve in the solvent mixture, warm it on water bath until it dissolves. Weigh accurately 0.5g of stearic acid; add it to a mixture of 10ml of alcohol and 10ml of ether. Other methods have been suggested, notably in 1957 by Davies. For the esters, the alkyl portion of the ester was counted in the hydrophobic portion of the molecule. �u��d�K�n�7y+ol�� ҷ��A�M��I��F�RQi��’��i}2w�6�YJ�փJx�W�5��� Glyceryl monostearate (gms). CBS Publisher and Distributors. THE HLB SYSTEM Calculating HLB Value: Example Blend 50 / 50 blend of steareth-2 and steareth-21a 50% times the HLB value of the steareth-2 • 0.5 X 4.9 = 2.45 50% times the HLB value of the steareth-21 • 0.5 X 15.5 = 7.75 2.45 + 7.75 = 10.2 0.2 is the HLB Value of a 50/50 blend of 1 steareth-2 and steareth-21 ����k�U�K�?���E!f_� 6��z7H�NPB2RD��N�f��nU��܊�#Qa���t��R�^qXUY���*�}�,ظ���6��ǔ��7)*!�I3_.͇�V6u�*]��i+�� The stalagmometer is consist of a capillary bore with a bulb at the middle. The surface tension of the given... BACKGROUND When a solute is shaken with two immiscible solvents it gets distributed between the solvents. It involves a simple and rapid procedure which can be carried out in about one hour. 0.5n alcoholic potassium hydroxide (koh), Dissolve around 4 g of KOH in 3 to 5 ml distilled water in a vlumetric flask and make uo total volume to 100 ml with alcohol. 2006: 36-38. Recently, modified coconut oil (MCO) was successfully developed as antimicrobial oil and was attempted to use as active ingredient in emulsions. %���� The results are in good agreement with given HLB values. For example, suppose you want to determine the HLB value of a blend comprising 70% of TWEEN 80 (HLB = 15) and 30% Of SPAN 80 (HLB = 4-3). This was done in a similar way for all of the resins. Substitute value of V3 and calculate acid number, The HLB value of given surfactant was found to be ___. �X¤43!���!1 x`i/��dū��bsB��CQ[e*�`A�A"� Ƭ���*�i��g�A@��3f�Jچ,�`s��������)P�b�. Farmacogn. In flocculated suspension, the practical settle more quickely than practical of deflocculated one. So, they are more hydrophilic having V higher HLB values ranging from 9.6 to 16.7. SURFACTAN PROPERTIES BASED ON HLB VALUE The HLB value can be used to predict the surfactant properties of a molecule : A value from 4 - 8 indicates an anti-foaming agent A value from 7 - 11 indicates a W/O (water in oil) emulsifier A value from 12 - 16 indicates O/W (oil in water) emulsifier A value from 11 - 14 indicates a wetting agent A value from 12 - 15 indicates a detergent A value of 16 - … Determination of hydrophile-lipophile balance of bovine mucin 842 almost every case, the best emulsion of a given series showed a lesser degree of creaming than a poorer one in the series (Table 3) (Udeala and Uwaga, 1981). Calculations for Saponification number: (V2-V1) ml of 0.5N KOH mg of KOH/0.5g GMS, Substitute values of V1 and V2 to determine saponification number, ( 1000 ml of NaOH = 1000 ml of 1N KOH 56000 mg of KOH). (90%/100) X 7 = 0.9 X 7 = 6.3 (10%/100) X 15.5 = 0.1 X 15.5 = 1.55 The required HLB … The HLB value of the surfactant is in the choice of emulsifier and the determination of composite emulsification The dosage ratio has a lot of use value. The HLB of an emulsifier is a number which expresses the ratio of water-soluble and oilsoluble - groups in the molecule. 23(1): Jan./Feb. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. The HLB value of the emulsion with the least dispersion ratio or the least percentage increase in mean droplet diameter was taken as the required HLB of the respective essential oil. Yu-Yeon Lee Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju-do 63243, Korea (Y.-Y.L., K.-S.Y. Use this clear solution for experiment. Let the titre reading for sample (GMS) be V. Weigh accurately 0.5g of stearic acid; add it to a mixture of 10ml of alcohol and 10ml of ether. �V����b�"Q�E#LS^db�䁶���� V{�c�tİבre̴�V�B�,`LΔ��ƚ� -��/W�Rr2�s}� 4 0 obj HLB values can be calculated theoretically or may be determined by experimentally. Rev. The calculation would be: TWEEN 80 70% X 15.0 = 10.5 SPAN 80 30% X 4.3 = 1.3 HLB of blend = 11.8 As you will discover in applying the HLB The solubility improved by alcohol hydrolysis is effective one.3, 2. A and B may be considered constant for all nonionic surfactants examined. take care while warming, since both ether and alcohol are highly inflammable liquids). Determination of HLB by Calculation field of surfactants. An HLB value of 0 corresponds to a completely lipophilic/hydrophobic molecule, and a value of 20 corresponds to a completely hydrophilic/lipophobic molecule.1,2. is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the whole molecule, giving a result on a scale of 0 to 20. ��ܩ���1RI�� Braz. The method of Greenwald et al. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. <>>> 3 0 obj The experimental method is very long and laborious and was described long back ago by William Griffin in 1949. Let the titre reading for sample (GMS) be V1 and blank be as V2. ��s�_J��y�u� ��\KIC揕A��3*���Y� � 6LX�������/-V3����/��8.j���mi�4 Cool both the solutions to rioom temperature and titrate separately against 0.5N hydrochloric acid using phenolphthalein as the indicator. 2 1 Emulsion Formation, Stability, and Rheology Table 1.1 Classification of emulsion types. 2010: 194-195. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the required HLB of MCO. Practical Physical Pharmacy. the required HLB of Cetyl Alcohol is 15.5 To calculate the required HLB of the Oil Phase, we multiply the percentage of each oil in the Oil Phase by its respective required HLB and sum the results. The term surfactants include emulsifiers, wetting agents, suspending agents, detergents, anti-foam Calculation of HLB value of surfactant is very important in compounds and many others [1-5]. Table 4: Determination of HLB value of bovine mucin S/N Mucin: Tween 60 Level of Creaming (cm) % Creaming 1 1:9 28.00 23.32 A = Acid number H L B = 20 ∗ M h / M {\displaystyle HLB=20*M_{h}/M} where M h {\displaystyle M_{h}} is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the … Subscribe our Telegram channel for regular updates. An experimentally determined HLB value for such an emulsifier will not necessarily indicate the percentage weight of its hydrophilic portion; for example, you will find experimentally that the HLB of pure sodium lauryl sulfate is about 40, which surely does not mean that it is 200% hydrophilic (! endobj HLB is the ratio of oil soluble and water- soluble portions of a molecule. Determination of saponification number. HLB = 20. The HLB value of sacha inchi oil was determined according to the reported method with modifications. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Determination of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic <>stream Physical Pharmacy Practical Text, Pharma Book Syndicate. The HLB hydrophilic(-lipophilic balance) concept was intro- duced by Griffin. Reflux separately 15 ml of alcoholic potassium hydroxide (without GMS) on boiling water bath for about an hour blank reading. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI/Text]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540]/Contents 4 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Abstract A method is presented for the determination of HLB values and required‐HLB values. When these are properly matched, stable formulations can easily be obtained. Bacterial growth curve cultivation of anaerobs. Bras. The emulsions was produced with different ratios of emulsifier mixtures of Tween® 80 … Click here to subscribe: Get great contents delivered straight to your inbox, just a click away, Subscribe Now, Determination of freundlich adsorption isotherm constant, Determination of particle size and size distribution by Andreasen appartus, Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization/ Henderson Hasselbalch equation, Determination of surface tension by drop weight method, Partition co-efficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water, Preparation of various types suspensions and determination of their sedimentation parameters, Determination of surface tension by drop count method. The turbidimetric method was validated by the existence of correlation (r=-0.958) between the mean droplet diameter and the turbidity of the emulsions. HLB Value and Calculation. Rk>Ȯ:�KU�q��so���z���ճ������ٺ�^�{��$?TZv���Y=U�HN �U7t�SZ�m�XQ59�Q�� The solubility improved by alcohol hydrolysis is effective one. The method is rapid, nondestructive and requires only small samples. It is hoped that this short discussion will prove helpful in com-prehending these complex physico-chemical phe-nomena and in applying them in a practical way. Practical Physical Pharmacy. 2013 109 development of emulsions with blends of surfactants on a wide range of HLB values can provide a satisfactory determination of the required HLB of lipophilic phase, Hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) values for various commercial nonionic surfactants have been determined by means of high resolution NMR. =HZ�kt��Q�c��������C���j�/�n� �%��DFɫ�{Y(ZMS�;a�q��ɏ�X(/)eGd ,�S=�����C��@w���EP�O]���a�rI���$ؽ�0*�s@2��! There is a balance between hydrophilic and lipophilic parts of amphiphilic molecules. ; *���N�\H�c!��3�jy܁%�}�g�2����-Y��(A�!��r\s �2�pڔ�e�z�G���#O�\�%��D��KD\�3��{�!v�p��#�۶DP���c� ;Pd3��GS@��}+A��lX��1�'�E��6$΂Ze� ��`4�R��F�I Alcoholic KOH is used, because surfactantsare freely soluble in alcohol than in water. Methods used in determination of the required HLB values of the oils in this study were based on the assumption that the droplet size of the emulsions would be smallest at the optimum HLB of the emulsifier blend (Gullapalli and Sheth, 1999), and would give the highest turbidity over a period of storage due to low creaming rate. Law Tactical Folder, Goblin Player Race 5e, Family Medicine In-training Exam 2018 Pdf, Lg Tv Blue Tint In Corner, Celebrities With Missing Teeth, Ibanez S621qm Blue, Legendary Panther Location Rdr2 Online, …" />

hlb value determination

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An HLB value of 0 corresponds to a completely lipophilic/hydrophobic molecule, and a value of 20 corresponds to a completely hydrophilic/lipophobic molecule. Dissolve around 4 g of KOH in 3 to 5 ml distilled water in a vlumetric flask and make uo total volume to 100 ml with alcohol. Determination of HLB value of given surfactant. J. Pharmacogn. m���!�ے�v��Rjs��I�K9_�|��vy����ȷ>��Ռ����ߖ�ޱ�%��#��_�+s��9,�7j^r�����,5���ֲ1W=\З������%�7�� :R�IN7��u�Mi��l�&��FY�(P8��X��|�.�e�Wd�g��l��t��K�yaiX ). HLB values utilizing the empirical relationship: HLB _ AH where, A = 15, B = 10, H = relative integra- S (AH + BL)' tion value of hydrophilic protons and L = relative inte- gration value of lipophilic protons. HLB range was obtained from 5 … This allows the scientist to calculate the HLB value of a non-ionic emulsifier as well as determine the required HLB for various water insoluble ingredients used in emulsions. the determination of HLB value and its appli-cation to final formulation. These scales have optimum efficiency for each class of surfactant HLB value (scale), ranges from … 2009: 71-72. If stearic acid does not dissolve in the solvent mixture, warm it on water bath until it dissolves. Remember the HLB we calculated above was 13.7. HLB Final Tween 14.9 9 parts Tween 13.7 + Span 4.7 1.2 parts Span 10.2 parts HLB 13.7 So we need 6g of emulsifier with HLB=13.7. Gaud RS, Gupta GD. This is expressed as the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB). Where S= Saponification number. To determine the HLB value of a given surfactant. Chart of Required HLB Values in Oils and Waxes Required Hydrophile-Lipophile Balance (HLB) in Oils and Waxes . Weigh accurately 0.5g of GMS and transfer into round bottom flask, add 15ml of alcoholic potassium hydroxide to it and reflux on boiling water bath for about half an hour. Hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) is a key parameter for formulation of emulsions. The values obtained were confi-rmed using the turbidimetric method which has been reported for the determination of droplet size and size distribution of emulsions (Sherman, 1968). The postulated transferability of the determined required HLB value by the Tween 20/Span 80 system compared to other emulsifier systems is depending on the used equation. View HLB calculation.pdf from PRODUCT DE 101238 at Loyola College. A series of sacha inchi oil emulsion was prepared at the different amount of emulsifiers: steareth-2 (HLB 5) and steareth-21 (HLB 15) in total 5% w/w emulsifiers. The video describes how to determine the HLB values for different types of compounds. HLB value, an important parameter for the development of essential oil phytopharmaceuticals Caio P. Fernandes et al. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); We Labmonk, some scientific researchers unite to design a platform for getting sources of different lab protocols and discuss various research related issues. Determination of HLB by Calculation Calculation of HLB value of surfactant is very important in product quality and yield points of view. (End point: pink to colorless or slightly yellowish). 1 0 obj Griffin’s method for non-ionic surfactants as described in 1954 works as follows: A = Acid numberH L B = 20 ∗ M h / M {\displaystyle HLB=20*M_{h}/M}, where M h {\displaystyle M_{h}} is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the whole molecule, giving a result on a scale of 0 to 20. Allow it to stand for about 24 hours and separate out clear liquid by decantation. The mixture acts as a buffer solution. endobj 1. Nature of emulsifier Structure of the system Simple molecules and ions Nature of internal and external phase: O/W, W/O Nonionic surfactants — was employed to determine the Water Number of each surfactant. Fatty acid ester e.g. Determination of Required HLB Values for Citrus unshiu Fruit Oil, Citrus unshiu Peel Oil, Horse Fat and Camellia japonica Seed Oil. The HLB system was created as a tool to make the selection of non-ionic emulsifiers easier. Its advantages are mainly reflected in its additive nature, which can be simply calculated; the problem is that it does not consider the impact of other factors on the HLB value, especially the temperature. \ \ HLB; According to Griffin, the amphiphilic molecule is the value obtained by dividing the weight percentage of the hydrophilic part by five. (Note: Volume of 0.1N sodium hydroxide consumed (V. More HN, Hajare AA. Career Publications. Alcoholic KOH is used, because surfactantsare freely soluble in alcohol than in water. This value ranges from 0 to 20, on an increasing scale from least lipophilic (0) to most hydrophilic (20). HLB value is increased with increased hydrophilic nature, and decreased hydrophobic nature of surfactant. (Note: OIL RHLB Value ± 1; Aleurites Moluccana Seed Oil: 7: Almond Oil NF: 6: Anhydrous Lanolin USP: 10: Apricot Kernel Oil: 7: Argan Oil: 11: Avocado Oil (Persea Gratissima) 7: Babassu Oil: 8: Beeswax: 12: Use this clear solution for experiment. EMULSIFIER HLB Value ± 1 Water-In-Oil (W/O) Oil-In-Water (O/W) Non-ionic/Anionic... Notes; Calcium Stearoyl Lactylate (CSL) 5.1: Yes-Anionic (Almost) all natural (see sodium stearoyl lactylate) but may or may not be considered vegan; derived from stearic and lactic acids; used to create a … resulting HLB of the blend is easily calculated. The required HLB value of liquid paraffinwas method was used in this study for the determination of the required HLB value of eucalyptus, lippia and peppermint oils. Determination of HLB In past fifty years, there has been a tremendous growth in the 2.1. %PDF-1.5 Tweens are polyoxyethylene derivatives of spans. 2 Effective HLB value The pioneering studies by Shinoda et al.6),10) HLB value for SMA ® 1000 = 24.1. Titrate solution of stearic acid against 0.1N sodium Hydroxide using phenolphthalein as the indicator. HLB values ranging from 1.8 to 8.6. The stalagmometer consist of a glass capillarytube with a bulb at the middle.There is a capillary bore at the... Production of alcohol from sugarcane Punit Tripathi, Vectors in Gene Cloning Plasmids Yogita Salgar, Bacterial growth curve cultivation of anaerobs Suman Kumar Mekap, Neuro Humoral Transmission Suman Kumar Mekap, Principles & Mechanism of Drug Action Suman Kumar Mekap. x�͚K�dG���+ri[�|?$�b�6a�a$���Q� ��=�6 �{�yU��c�X�{:��捌8q"�����>��F��d�no������o�|���÷���{���;}�^|r�����/���^�����7|�~��_���'������'��m����~��͗����Km�3?C��Y����W�O_�����7ܿ]����w�o�|���W�޾{���������Xq�^|��O���w��/^�+VE�2b�.v~I���-�����K��.=g�|XRA1U�����&-��K Allow it to stand for about 24 hours and separate out clear liquid by decantation. Mohanta GP. If stearic acid does not dissolve in the solvent mixture, warm it on water bath until it dissolves. Weigh accurately 0.5g of stearic acid; add it to a mixture of 10ml of alcohol and 10ml of ether. Other methods have been suggested, notably in 1957 by Davies. For the esters, the alkyl portion of the ester was counted in the hydrophobic portion of the molecule. �u��d�K�n�7y+ol�� ҷ��A�M��I��F�RQi��’��i}2w�6�YJ�փJx�W�5��� Glyceryl monostearate (gms). CBS Publisher and Distributors. THE HLB SYSTEM Calculating HLB Value: Example Blend 50 / 50 blend of steareth-2 and steareth-21a 50% times the HLB value of the steareth-2 • 0.5 X 4.9 = 2.45 50% times the HLB value of the steareth-21 • 0.5 X 15.5 = 7.75 2.45 + 7.75 = 10.2 0.2 is the HLB Value of a 50/50 blend of 1 steareth-2 and steareth-21 ����k�U�K�?���E!f_� 6��z7H�NPB2RD��N�f��nU��܊�#Qa���t��R�^qXUY���*�}�,ظ���6��ǔ��7)*!�I3_.͇�V6u�*]��i+�� The stalagmometer is consist of a capillary bore with a bulb at the middle. The surface tension of the given... BACKGROUND When a solute is shaken with two immiscible solvents it gets distributed between the solvents. It involves a simple and rapid procedure which can be carried out in about one hour. 0.5n alcoholic potassium hydroxide (koh), Dissolve around 4 g of KOH in 3 to 5 ml distilled water in a vlumetric flask and make uo total volume to 100 ml with alcohol. 2006: 36-38. Recently, modified coconut oil (MCO) was successfully developed as antimicrobial oil and was attempted to use as active ingredient in emulsions. %���� The results are in good agreement with given HLB values. For example, suppose you want to determine the HLB value of a blend comprising 70% of TWEEN 80 (HLB = 15) and 30% Of SPAN 80 (HLB = 4-3). This was done in a similar way for all of the resins. Substitute value of V3 and calculate acid number, The HLB value of given surfactant was found to be ___. �X¤43!���!1 x`i/��dū��bsB��CQ[e*�`A�A"� Ƭ���*�i��g�A@��3f�Jچ,�`s��������)P�b�. Farmacogn. In flocculated suspension, the practical settle more quickely than practical of deflocculated one. So, they are more hydrophilic having V higher HLB values ranging from 9.6 to 16.7. SURFACTAN PROPERTIES BASED ON HLB VALUE The HLB value can be used to predict the surfactant properties of a molecule : A value from 4 - 8 indicates an anti-foaming agent A value from 7 - 11 indicates a W/O (water in oil) emulsifier A value from 12 - 16 indicates O/W (oil in water) emulsifier A value from 11 - 14 indicates a wetting agent A value from 12 - 15 indicates a detergent A value of 16 - … Determination of hydrophile-lipophile balance of bovine mucin 842 almost every case, the best emulsion of a given series showed a lesser degree of creaming than a poorer one in the series (Table 3) (Udeala and Uwaga, 1981). Calculations for Saponification number: (V2-V1) ml of 0.5N KOH mg of KOH/0.5g GMS, Substitute values of V1 and V2 to determine saponification number, ( 1000 ml of NaOH = 1000 ml of 1N KOH 56000 mg of KOH). (90%/100) X 7 = 0.9 X 7 = 6.3 (10%/100) X 15.5 = 0.1 X 15.5 = 1.55 The required HLB … The HLB value of the surfactant is in the choice of emulsifier and the determination of composite emulsification The dosage ratio has a lot of use value. The HLB of an emulsifier is a number which expresses the ratio of water-soluble and oilsoluble - groups in the molecule. 23(1): Jan./Feb. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. The HLB value of the emulsion with the least dispersion ratio or the least percentage increase in mean droplet diameter was taken as the required HLB of the respective essential oil. Yu-Yeon Lee Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju National University, Jeju-do 63243, Korea (Y.-Y.L., K.-S.Y. Use this clear solution for experiment. Let the titre reading for sample (GMS) be V. Weigh accurately 0.5g of stearic acid; add it to a mixture of 10ml of alcohol and 10ml of ether. �V����b�"Q�E#LS^db�䁶���� V{�c�tİבre̴�V�B�,`LΔ��ƚ� -��/W�Rr2�s}� 4 0 obj HLB values can be calculated theoretically or may be determined by experimentally. Rev. The calculation would be: TWEEN 80 70% X 15.0 = 10.5 SPAN 80 30% X 4.3 = 1.3 HLB of blend = 11.8 As you will discover in applying the HLB The solubility improved by alcohol hydrolysis is effective one.3, 2. A and B may be considered constant for all nonionic surfactants examined. take care while warming, since both ether and alcohol are highly inflammable liquids). Determination of HLB by Calculation field of surfactants. An HLB value of 0 corresponds to a completely lipophilic/hydrophobic molecule, and a value of 20 corresponds to a completely hydrophilic/lipophobic molecule.1,2. is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the whole molecule, giving a result on a scale of 0 to 20. ��ܩ���1RI�� Braz. The method of Greenwald et al. The hydrophilic-lipophilic balance of a surfactant is a measure of the degree to which it is hydrophilic or lipophilic, determined by calculating values for the different regions of the molecule, as described by Griffin in 1949 and 1954. <>>> 3 0 obj The experimental method is very long and laborious and was described long back ago by William Griffin in 1949. Let the titre reading for sample (GMS) be V1 and blank be as V2. ��s�_J��y�u� ��\KIC揕A��3*���Y� � 6LX�������/-V3����/��8.j���mi�4 Cool both the solutions to rioom temperature and titrate separately against 0.5N hydrochloric acid using phenolphthalein as the indicator. 2 1 Emulsion Formation, Stability, and Rheology Table 1.1 Classification of emulsion types. 2010: 194-195. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the required HLB of MCO. Practical Physical Pharmacy. the required HLB of Cetyl Alcohol is 15.5 To calculate the required HLB of the Oil Phase, we multiply the percentage of each oil in the Oil Phase by its respective required HLB and sum the results. The term surfactants include emulsifiers, wetting agents, suspending agents, detergents, anti-foam Calculation of HLB value of surfactant is very important in compounds and many others [1-5]. Table 4: Determination of HLB value of bovine mucin S/N Mucin: Tween 60 Level of Creaming (cm) % Creaming 1 1:9 28.00 23.32 A = Acid number H L B = 20 ∗ M h / M {\displaystyle HLB=20*M_{h}/M} where M h {\displaystyle M_{h}} is the molecular mass of the hydrophilic portion of the molecule, and M is the molecular mass of the … Subscribe our Telegram channel for regular updates. An experimentally determined HLB value for such an emulsifier will not necessarily indicate the percentage weight of its hydrophilic portion; for example, you will find experimentally that the HLB of pure sodium lauryl sulfate is about 40, which surely does not mean that it is 200% hydrophilic (! endobj HLB is the ratio of oil soluble and water- soluble portions of a molecule. Determination of saponification number. HLB = 20. The HLB value of sacha inchi oil was determined according to the reported method with modifications. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ISSN (Online): 2319-7064 Determination of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic <>stream Physical Pharmacy Practical Text, Pharma Book Syndicate. The HLB hydrophilic(-lipophilic balance) concept was intro- duced by Griffin. Reflux separately 15 ml of alcoholic potassium hydroxide (without GMS) on boiling water bath for about an hour blank reading. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI/Text]>>/MediaBox[ 0 0 960 540]/Contents 4 0 R /Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Abstract A method is presented for the determination of HLB values and required‐HLB values. When these are properly matched, stable formulations can easily be obtained. Bacterial growth curve cultivation of anaerobs. Bras. The emulsions was produced with different ratios of emulsifier mixtures of Tween® 80 … Click here to subscribe: Get great contents delivered straight to your inbox, just a click away, Subscribe Now, Determination of freundlich adsorption isotherm constant, Determination of particle size and size distribution by Andreasen appartus, Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization/ Henderson Hasselbalch equation, Determination of surface tension by drop weight method, Partition co-efficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water, Preparation of various types suspensions and determination of their sedimentation parameters, Determination of surface tension by drop count method. The turbidimetric method was validated by the existence of correlation (r=-0.958) between the mean droplet diameter and the turbidity of the emulsions. HLB Value and Calculation. Rk>Ȯ:�KU�q��so���z���ճ������ٺ�^�{��$?TZv���Y=U�HN �U7t�SZ�m�XQ59�Q�� The solubility improved by alcohol hydrolysis is effective one. The method is rapid, nondestructive and requires only small samples. It is hoped that this short discussion will prove helpful in com-prehending these complex physico-chemical phe-nomena and in applying them in a practical way. Practical Physical Pharmacy. 2013 109 development of emulsions with blends of surfactants on a wide range of HLB values can provide a satisfactory determination of the required HLB of lipophilic phase, Hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) values for various commercial nonionic surfactants have been determined by means of high resolution NMR. =HZ�kt��Q�c��������C���j�/�n� �%��DFɫ�{Y(ZMS�;a�q��ɏ�X(/)eGd ,�S=�����C��@w���EP�O]���a�rI���$ؽ�0*�s@2��! There is a balance between hydrophilic and lipophilic parts of amphiphilic molecules. ; *���N�\H�c!��3�jy܁%�}�g�2����-Y��(A�!��r\s �2�pڔ�e�z�G���#O�\�%��D��KD\�3��{�!v�p��#�۶DP���c� ;Pd3��GS@��}+A��lX��1�'�E��6$΂Ze� ��`4�R��F�I Alcoholic KOH is used, because surfactantsare freely soluble in alcohol than in water. Methods used in determination of the required HLB values of the oils in this study were based on the assumption that the droplet size of the emulsions would be smallest at the optimum HLB of the emulsifier blend (Gullapalli and Sheth, 1999), and would give the highest turbidity over a period of storage due to low creaming rate.

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